Bladder Cancer

Bladder Cancer

Surgery

There are a number of treatments available to patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Treatment depends on whether the bladder cancer is early and limited to the initial layers of the bladder or whether it has invaded into the deeper muscle layer of the bladder. The choice of treatments depends on a number of factors, including age, general health and the extent and stage of the tumour. Prof Patel will ascertain the most appropriate course of treatment for you.

Surgery: Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy enables Prof Patel to directly view the inside of the urinary bladder and urethra in great detail using a "cystoscope" (the instrument used).

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Surgery: TURBT

If a tumour in the bladder is diagnosed on imaging or at cystoscopy, a sample of the growth is required. If it is small, only a small biopsy is required followed by cauthery to stop it bleeding.

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Surgery: Radical Cystectomy

When the bladder cancer has grown or invaded surrounding muscle or tissue surgical management is most likely to be necessary, usually in the form of a cystectomy which is the complete removal of the bladder.

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Intra-vesical Therapy

Intra-vesical treatment involves flushing the bladder with chemotherapy or immunotherapy to kill any residual tumour cells. In this procedure chemotherapy drugs are placed directly into the bladder in order to prevent the tumour recurring or to prevent it from invading the deeper layers of the bladder wall.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy concerns the use of special cytotoxic drugs to treat cancers by either killing the cancer cells or slowing their growth. Chemotherapy drugs travel round the body and attack rapidly growing cells, which may also include healthy cells in the body as well as cancer cells.

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Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy.

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